KAUM TUO DAN KAUM MUDO DALAM TRANSFORMASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI MINANGKABAU

Abstract

Islamic education reform in Minangkabau emerged through intellectual dynamics between Kaum Tuo and Kaum Mudo in the early twentieth century. Two influential figures in this process were Syekh Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli, who represented the traditionalist movement, and Syekh Haji Abdul Karim Amrullah, who represented the reformist movement. Previous studies have generally discussed these figures separately, while limited attention has been given to their comparative contributions to the transformation of Islamic education in Minangkabau. This study aims to analyze the educational thoughts of both figures, identify their contributions to the reform of Islamic education, and examine their impact on the development of Islamic educational institutions in Minangkabau. This research employs a qualitative approach through library research. Primary data were obtained from Ayah Kita by Bahruddin Rusli and Ayahku by Hamka, while secondary data were collected from scholarly books, journal articles, and related studies. Data were analyzed using content analysis techniques. The findings reveal that although both figures differed in their religious perspectives and educational approaches, they shared a common commitment to advancing Islamic education. Syekh Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli contributed through the transformation of traditional surau education into the Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah (MTI), while Abdul Karim Amrullah pioneered educational modernization through Sumatra Thawalib. The interaction between these two intellectual currents significantly influenced the development of a more systematic, structured, and modern Islamic educational system in Minangkabau. This study contributes to understanding the role of intellectual contestation in shaping Islamic educational reform in Indonesia.